Currently, there are many types of tourism. The main characteristic is formed based on the needs of travelers. The tourist activity itself was constantly changing, new directions appeared, and the process continues to this day.
The most popular types of tourism
The most popular type of tourism is the classic format – cultural and educational. It is associated with the need of the traveler to expand the horizons. Cultural objects are chosen independently, depending on interests.
The cultural and educational journey is grouped according to the following factors:
the study of architectural sights, on the basis of which historical and cultural acquaintance is carried out;
visiting performances – theatrical, concert, musical or exhibition;
attending seminars, courses, lectures.
Types of tourism and their characteristics are presented below.
Water tourism
Water tourism is called tourism, when all or a separate part of the route passes through the water surface.
Advantages:
combines several areas – health improvement, sports and active pastime;
there are programs for any traveler, regardless of age, gender or medical indications;
there are subspecies – river rafting, liner cruise trips, rafting or yachting.
Among the disadvantages: water tourism is not available to people who cannot swim. You also need to go on a trip, having previously studied the court, what is planned to be used and the rules for providing first aid.
mountain tourism
Mountain tourism is different from mountaineering or rock climbing, although elements of both are present. The task of the climber is to climb to the top, and the mountain traveler is to overcome the passes of various difficulties.
Types of tourism and their characteristics will help you understand and choose the best option for your vacation.
Traveling in the mountains is interesting and exciting. Physical training is required, as there are passes of particular difficulty. Total categories of difficulty (CS) 6. An ordinary tourist is allowed not to all the passes. Climbing requires good health. When checking, attention is paid to the heart and lungs: the higher you need to climb, the greater the load on these organs.
Medical tourism
Types of tourism are very diverse, but the most useful is medical. Its characterization and definition appeared only in the 20th century, although since the 19th century. tourists rested on mineral waters.
Travel goals:
stimulation and strengthening of immunity;
maintaining health;
fight against diseases.
The direction includes all boarding houses, sanatoriums, mud or mineral clinics. Recovery is carried out by a combination of factors, ranging from a mild climate to a successful location near the source.
Recreational tourism
Recreational tourism shares the primacy in popularity with cultural and educational tourism. Includes a full rest at the equipped resorts. The main advantage is versatility, such a trip is suitable for an adult, a pensioner or a child. The second advantage of recreational tourism lies in the recreation program being developed.
You can combine several types at the same time:
see the sights;
workout;
go scuba diving;
attend local cultural or festive events.
Now the most popular destinations are Turkey, Thailand.
Maritime tourism
Maritime tourism is a type of travel when the main part of the route runs through the seas and oceans.
The most popular categories are:
yachting – the vessel is rented in full, or a separate cabin;
cruise – only a cabin is rented.
Most tours that include sea tourism are combined. Travelers go on cruise ships, crossing the water borders of states. They stop at ports, go ashore, try the local cuisine, go shopping or take part in traditional events.
Modern liners and yachts are equipped with amenities, pensioners or children will comfortably accommodate here. The only drawback is that tourism is not available to people susceptible to pitching.
Ethnic tourism
Ethnic tourism involves a journey with the aim of linguistic and cultural acquaintance with different nationalities.
It is divided into 3 types:
internal – visiting the Russian hinterlands, where old Russian traditions are still maintained. The second option is to get acquainted with small nationalities living on the territory of Russia (Aleuts, Veps, Nenets, Udege);
external – visiting foreign cities and settlements;
nostalgic – visiting memorable places.
The types of tourism and their characteristics are mainly associated with travel, but in the ethnic direction, people want to get acquainted with folklore, archaic dialects and culture. They live inside the settlement and take part in ordinary household processes, like cooking or grocery shopping.
Adventure tourism
Adventure tourism is divided into 2 types: sports and travel. The latter is also inextricably linked with sports, but is characterized by complicated living conditions, movement and lack of communication. For example, they overcome the Sahara desert, spending the night in a tent camp, or go down the Amazon River. The most successful locations are the mountain ranges of America, Asia, and almost all of Africa.
Adventure sports – routes built on the fact that from time to time you will need:
balloon;
skydive;
engage in mountaineering;
overcome parts of the route in an unusual way – motorcycles, horses;
descend the turbulent rivers.
Adventure tourism is available only to healthy and physically fit people.
Types of active tourism
Tourism is called active, the vast majority of which routes are connected with hiking / horseback riding or managed transport. Distributed in areas where unique natural landscapes have been preserved.
Hiking
Hiking – hiking in medium rough terrain.
For a full-fledged tourism, you will need to purchase equipment:
tent;
sleeping bag;
trekking stick;
boots;
bowlers;
gas-burner;
navigator;
compass.
One-day hikes are conducted without equipment.
Cycling tourism
Bicycle tourism is a direction where the bicycle acts as the main or only transport. It has general tourist purposes, allowing you to get acquainted with natural, urban or suburban attractions. Varies in difficulty level. Among other active types of tourism, cycling is the most popular and the leader in the length of routes.
Speleotourism
Speleotourism or digging – exploration and travel through caves, other underground cavities.
Key features:
difficult routes, as the terrain varies greatly. There are underground rivers, deep wells, narrow cracks;
low temperature;
increased air humidity;
no sun;
travelers operate autonomously, there is no communication at depth and it is difficult to call for help.
Despite the shortcomings, diggerism is developing and popularizing. In Russia, the Krasnodar and Krasnoyarsk Territories, the Arkhangelsk Region became the main destinations in this category.
Equestrian tourism
Equestrian is an international type of tourism and active recreation. The vast majority of routes are built in such a way that absolutely unprepared people can participate in them. The program includes food, accommodation in hotels and the necessary ammunition.Before the trip for an inexperienced tourist, riding training is conducted. There are also routes for experienced riders, like Tuyuk lakes in the Altai mountains.
Autotourism
Automobile tourism is a journey where the main or only transport is a car. Tourists can travel within the country, as well as cross borders, investing several states in the route.